[modem Libya] against Italian aggression in 1911. His close association with Esref Kuscubasi, Enver Bey, and other Ottoman leaders dated from this time. Seyh Sanusi was invited to Istanbul in 1918, and was subsequently sent to Ankara by Sultan Vahideddin to persuade Mustafa Kemal to give up his opposition to the institution of the Caliphate and Sultanate. He stayed in Turkey till the final victory of the 'Turks in the War of Independence in which he played no small part. He was given the position of `General Preacher', and traveled the eastern and southern provinces in particular addressing the people and getting them to unite with the Ankara Government and the national straggle. It was Seyh Ahmed Sanusi's position of `General Preacher' that, among other things, Mustafa Kemal was to offer to Bediuzzaman in 1923 when trying secure his support, but Bediuzzaman declined to accept them, as we shall see.